Serving Academic Researchers
Ketone levels change significantly throughout the day. If your research would benefit from full-day fat oxidation resolution, let’s discuss how frictionless and frequent measurements with Biosense® can close the biofeedback loop for your trial participants. This will give you higher research quality with more comprehensive biomarker data.
Biosense® is committed to providing academic institutions with the best tools and data possible to reinforce their studies and provide the best care to patients everywhere. Inquire today and discover the benefits of joining the Biosense® team of academic researchers.
Carbohydrate restrictive therapy supports many therapeutic areas of research
Over 50 clinical trials and human studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of Carbohydrate Restrictive Therapy.
- Obesity
- Metabolic syndrome
- Type 2 diabetes
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Epilepsy / Autism
- NAFLD / NASH
- PCOS
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cancer (recurrence prevention and targeted therapies)
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Sources
Obesity
Rosa, C. D., Lattanzi, G., Taylor, S. F., Manfrini, S., & Khazrai, Y. M. (2020, September 9). Very low calorie ketogenic diets in overweight and obesity treatment: Effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.
Castellana, M., Conte, E., Cignarelli, A., Perrini, S., Giustina, A., Giovanella, L., Giorgino, F., & Trimboli, P. (2019, November 9). Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders.
Muscogiuri, G., Barrea, L., Laudisio, D., Pugliese, G., Salzano, C., Savastano, S., & Colao, A. (2019, October 29). The management of very low-calorie ketogenic diet in Obesity Outpatient Clinic: A practical guide. Journal of Translational Medicine.
Kumar, S., Behl, T., Sachdeva, M., Sehgal, A., Kumari, S., Kumar, A., Kaur, G., Yadav, H. N., & Bungau, S. (2020, October 26). Implicating the effect of ketogenic diet as a preventive measure to obesity and diabetes mellitus. Life Sciences.
Bruci, A., Tuccinardi, D., Tozzi, R., Balena, A., Santucci, S., Frontani, R., Mariani, S., Basciani, S., Spera, G., Gnessi, L., Lubrano, C., & Watanabe, M. (2020, January 27). Very low-calorie ketogenic diet: A safe and effective tool for weight loss in patients with obesity and mild kidney failure. Nutrients.
Moriconi, E., Camajani, E., Fabbri, A., Lenzi, A., & Caprio, M. (2021, February 26). Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet as a safe and valuable tool for long-term glycemic management in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients.
Tragni, E., Vigna, L., Ruscica, M., Macchi, C., Casula, M., Santelia, A., Catapano, A. L., & Magni, P. (2021, May 26). Reduction of cardio-metabolic risk and body weight through a multiphasic very-low calorie ketogenic diet program in women with overweight/obesity: A study in a real-world setting. Nutrients.
Ilyas, Z., Perna, S., A. Alalwan, T., Zahid, M. N., Spadaccini, D., Gasparri, C., Peroni, G., Faragli, A., Alogna, A., La Porta, E., Ali Redha, A., Negro, M., Cerullo, G., D’Antona, G., & Rondanelli, M. (2022, January 30). The ketogenic diet: Is it an answer for sarcopenic obesity? Nutrients.
Michalczyk, M. M., Klonek, G., Maszczyk, A., & Zajac, A. (2020, June 22). The effects of a low calorie ketogenic diet on glycaemic control variables in hyperinsulinemic overweight/obese females. Nutrients.
Castellana M;Biacchi E;Procino F;Casanueva FF;Trimboli P; (2020, November 19). Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet for the management of obesity, overweight and related disorders. Minerva Endocrinology.
Cunha, G. M., Mello, L. L. C. de, Hasenstab, K. A., Spina, L., Bussade, I., Mesiano, J. M. P., Coutinho, W., Guzman, G., & Sajoux, I. (2020, March 20). MRI estimated changes in visceral adipose tissue and liver fat fraction in patients with obesity during a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet compared to a standard low-calorie diet. Clinical Radiology.
Metabolic syndrome
Choi, Y. J., Jeon, S.-M., & Shin, S. (2020, July 6). Impact of a ketogenic diet on metabolic parameters in patients with obesity or overweight and with or without type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients.
Tragni, E., Vigna, L., Ruscica, M., Macchi, C., Casula, M., Santelia, A., Catapano, A. L., & Magni, P. (2021, May 26). Reduction of cardio-metabolic risk and body weight through a multiphasic very-low calorie ketogenic diet program in women with overweight/obesity: A study in a real-world setting. Nutrients.
Michalczyk, M. M., Klonek, G., Maszczyk, A., & Zajac, A. (2020, June 22). The effects of a low calorie ketogenic diet on glycaemic control variables in hyperinsulinemic overweight/obese females. Nutrients.
Gershuni, V. M., Yan, S. L., & Medici, V. (2018, August 20). Nutritional ketosis for weight management and reversal of metabolic syndrome. Current Nutrition Reports.
Zhou, P., Zhang, M., Wei, X., Chen, G., & Liu, C. (1970, January 1). Ketogenic diet and metabolic syndrome: Progress and perspective. Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Gibas, M. K., & Gibas, K. J. (2017, March 28). Induced and controlled dietary ketosis as a regulator of obesity and metabolic syndrome pathologies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.
Type 2 diabetes
Kumar, S., Behl, T., Sachdeva, M., Sehgal, A., Kumari, S., Kumar, A., Kaur, G., Yadav, H. N., & Bungau, S. (2020, October 26). Implicating the effect of ketogenic diet as a preventive measure to obesity and diabetes mellitus. Life Sciences.
Moriconi, E., Camajani, E., Fabbri, A., Lenzi, A., & Caprio, M. (2021, February 26). Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet as a safe and valuable tool for long-term glycemic management in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nutrients.
Yancy, W. S., Foy, M., Chalecki, A. M., Vernon, M. C., & Westman, E. C. (2005, December 1). A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. Nutrition & Metabolism.
Cox, N., Gibas, S., Salisbury, M., Gomer, J., & Gibas, K. (2019, February 6). Ketogenic diets potentially reverse type II diabetes and ameliorate clinical depression: A case study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.
Hussain, T. A., Mathew, T. C., Dashti, A. A., Asfar, S., Al-Zaid, N., & Dashti, H. M. (2012, June 5). Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes. Nutrition.
Goday, A., Bellido, D., Sajoux, I., Crujeiras, A. B., Burguera, B., García-Luna, P. P., Oleaga, A., Moreno, B., & Casanueva, F. F. (2016, September 19). Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition & Diabetes.
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Mavropoulos, J. C., Marquart, M., & McDuffie, J. R. (2008, December 19). The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition & Metabolism.
Dashti, H. M., Mathew, T. C., & Al-Zaid, N. S. (2020, October 9). Efficacy of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Medical Principles and Practice.
Al-Khalifa, A., Mathew, T. C., Al-Zaid, N. S., Mathew, E., & Dashti, H. M. (2009, October 8). Therapeutic role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in diabetes. Nutrition.
Alzheimer’s
Dahlgren, K., & Gibas, K. J. (2018, April 11). Ketogenic diet, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and memory training in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment: A case study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.
Morrill, S. J., & Gibas, K. J. (2019, January 24). Ketogenic diet rescues cognition in ApoE4+ patient with Mild Alzheimer’s disease: A case study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.
Ota, M., Matsuo, J., Ishida, I., Takano, H., Yokoi, Y., Hori, H., Yoshida, S., Ashida, K., Nakamura, K., Takahashi, T., & Kunugi, H. (1970, January 1). Effects of a medium-chain triglyceride-based ketogenic formula on cognitive function in patients with mild-to-moderate alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience Letters.
Krikorian, R., Shidler, M. D., Dangelo, K., Couch, S. C., Benoit, S. C., & Clegg, D. J. (2012, February). Dietary ketosis enhances memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging.
Czuczwar, S. J. (2019, August 9). Ketogenic diet in alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Broom, G. M., Shaw, I. C., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2018, October 10). The ketogenic diet as a potential treatment and prevention strategy for alzheimer’s disease. Nutrition.
Pinto, A., Bonucci, A., Maggi, E., Corsi, M., & Businaro, R. (2018, April 28). Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ketogenic diet: New Perspectives for neuroprotection in alzheimer’s disease. Antioxidants.
Phillips, M. C. L., Deprez, L. M., Mortimer, G. M. N., Murtagh, D. K. J., McCoy, S., Mylchreest, R., Gilbertson, L. J., Clark, K. M., Simpson, P. V., McManus, E. J., Oh, J.-E., Yadavaraj, S., King, V. M., Pillai, A., Romero-Ferrando, B., Brinkhuis, M., Copeland, B. M., Samad, S., Liao, S., & Schepel, J. A. C. (2021, February 23). Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy.
Lange, K. W., Lange, K. M., Makulska-Gertruda, E., Nakamura, Y., Reissmann, A., Kanaya, S., & Hauser, J. (2016, November 24). Ketogenic diets and alzheimer’s disease. Food Science and Human Wellness.
Epilepsy
Li, H.-F., Zou, Y., & Ding, G. (2013, December). Therapeutic success of the ketogenic diet as a treatment option for epilepsy: A meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.
Liu, H., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Tang, H., Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2018, February 19). Ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy in adults: A meta‐analysis of observational studies. Epilepsia Open.
Nei, M., Ngo, L., Sirven, J. I., & Sperling, M. R. (2014, March 12). Ketogenic diet in adolescents and adults with epilepsy. Seizure.
Klein, P., Janousek, J., Barber, A., & Weissberger, R. (2010, October 9). Ketogenic diet treatment in adults with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior.
Neal, E. G., Chaffe, H., Schwartz, R. H., Lawson, M. S., Edwards, N., Fitzsimmons, G., Whitney, A., & Cross, J. H. (2008, May 2). The ketogenic diet for the treatment of childhood epilepsy: A randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology.
Autism
Napoli, E., Dueñas, N., & Giulivi, C. (2014, June 30). Potential therapeutic use of the ketogenic diet in autism spectrum disorders. Frontiers.
Castro, K., Faccioli, L. S., Baronio, D., Gottfried, C., Perry, I. S., & Riesgo, R. dos S. (2015, September 1). Effect of a ketogenic diet on autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Lee, R. W. Y., Corley, M. J., Pang, A., Arakaki, G., Abbott, L., Nishimoto, M., Miyamoto, R., Lee, E., Yamamoto, S., Maunakea, A. K., Lum-Jones, A., & Wong, M. (2018, February 5). A modified ketogenic gluten-free diet with MCT improves behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Physiology & Behavior.
Li, Q., Liang, J., Fu, N., Han, Y., & Qin, J. (2021, May 11). A ketogenic diet and the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers.
NAFLD/NASH
Watanabe, M., Tozzi, R., Risi, R., Tuccinardi, D., Mariani, S., Basciani, S., Spera, G., Lubrano, C., & Gnessi, L. (2020, March 24). Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review of the literature. Obesity Reviews.
Tendler, D., Lin, S., Yancy, W. S., Mavropoulos, J., Sylvestre, P., Rockey, D. C., & Westman, E. C. (2007, January 12). The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot study.Digestive Diseases and Sciences.
Luukkonen, P. K., Dufour, S., Lyu, K., Zhang, X.-M., Hakkarainen, A., Lehtimäki, T. E., Cline, G. W., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., & Yki-Järvinen, H. (2020, March 31). Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PNAS.
Mardinoglu, A., Wu, H., Bjornson, E., Zhang, C., Hakkarainen, A., Räsänen, S. M., Lee, S., Mancina, R. M., Bergentall, M., Pietiläinen, K. H., Söderlund, S., Matikainen, N., Ståhlman, M., Bergh, P.-O., Adiels, M., Piening, B. D., Granér, M., Lundbom, N., Williams, K. J., … Borén, J. (2018, March 6). An integrated understanding of the rapid metabolic benefits of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on hepatic steatosis in humans. Cell Metabolism.
PCOS
Mavropoulos, J. C., Yancy, W. S., Hepburn, J., & Westman, E. C. (2005, December 16). The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. Nutrition & Metabolism.
Paoli, A., Mancin, L., Giacona, M. C., Bianco, A., & Caprio, M. (2020, February 27). Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Translational Medicine.
Alwahab, U. A., Pantalone, K. M., & Burguera, B. (2020, December 28). A ketogenic diet may restore fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case series. AACE Clinical Case Reports.
Cincione, R. I., Losavio, F., Ciolli, F., Valenzano, A., Cibelli, G., Messina, G., & Polito, R. (2021, November 27). Effects of mixed of a ketogenic diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. International Journal of Research & Public Health.
Missel, A. L., O’Brien, A. V., Maser, H., Kanwal, A., Bayandorian, H., Martin, S., Carrigan, P., McNamee, R., Daubenmier, J., Isaman, D. J. M., Padmanabhan, V., Smith, Y. R., Aikens, J. E., & Saslow, L. R. (2021, September 4). Impact of an online multicomponent very-low-carbohydrate program in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study. F&S Reports.
Cardiovascular
Ebbeling, C., Knapp, A., Johnson, A., Wong, J., Greco, K., Ma, C., Mora, S., & Ludwig, D. (2020, May 29). Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiometabolic risk factors during weight-loss maintenance: A randomized controlled feeding trial. Current Developments in Nutrition.
Sharman, M. J., Kraemer, W. J., Love, D. M., Avery, N. G., Gómez, A. L., Scheett, T. P., & Volek, J. S. (2002, July 1). Ketogenic diet favorably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men. The Journal of Nutrition.
Nasser, S., Vialichka, V., Biesiekierska, M., Balcerczyk, A., & Pirola, L. (2020, December 15). Effects of ketogenic diet and ketone bodies on the cardiovascular system: Concentration matters. World Journal of Diabetes.
Volek, J. S., & Sharman, M. J. (2012, September 17). Cardiovascular and hormonal aspects of very‐low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diets. Obesity Research.
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Olsen, M. K., Dudley, T., & Guyton, J. R. (2005, November 16). Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses. International Journal of Cardiology.
Cicero, A. F. G., Benelli, M., Brancaleoni, M., Dainelli, G., Merlini, D., & Negri, R. (2015, May 19). Middle and long-term impact of a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on cardiometabolic factors: A multi-center, cross-sectional, clinical study. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention.
Dashti, H. M., Al-Zaid, N. S., Mathew, T. C., Al-Mousawi, M., Talib, H., Asfar, S. K., & Behbahani, A. I. (2006, April 21). Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high cholesterol level. Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry.
Cancer
Vergati, M., Krasniqi, E., D. Monte, G., Riondino, S., Vallone, D., Guadagni, F., Ferroni, P., & Roselli, M. (2017, Volume 24). Ketogenic diet and other dietary intervention strategies in the treatment of cancer. Current Medicinal Chemistry.
Khodabakhshi, A., Akbari, M., Mirzaei, H., Mehrad-Majd, H., Kalamian, M., & Davoodi, S. H (2020, Volume 72). Feasibility, safety, and beneficial effects of MCT-based ketogenic diet for breast cancer treatment: A randomized controlled trial study. Nutrition and Cancer.
Abdelwahab, M. G., Fenton, K. E., Preul, M. C., Rho, J. M., Lynch, A., Stafford, P., & Scheck, A. C. (2012, May 1). The ketogenic diet is an effective adjuvant to radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. PLoS ONE.
Weber, D. D., Aminzadeh-Gohari, S., Tulipan, J., Catalano, L., Feichtinger, R. G., & Kofler, B. (2019, July 27). Ketogenic diet in the treatment of cancer – where do we stand? Molecular Metabolism.
Zhou, W., Mukherjee, P., Kiebish, M. A., Markis, W. T., Mantis, J. G., & Seyfried, T. N. (2007, February 21). The calorically restricted ketogenic diet, an effective alternative therapy for malignant brain cancer. Nutrition & Metabolism.
Zuccoli, G., Marcello, N., Pisanello, A., Servadei, F., Vaccaro, S., Mukherjee, P., & Seyfried, T. N. (2010, April 22). Metabolic management of glioblastoma multiforme using standard therapy together with a restricted ketogenic diet: Case report. Nutrition & Metabolism.
Schmidt, M., Pfetzer, N., Schwab, M., Strauss, I., & Kämmerer, U. (2011, July 27). Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16 patients with advanced cancer: A pilot trial. Nutrition & Metabolism.